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Please refer to our earlier review on women in management earlier this year. This page updates the previous review with further abstracts. Just as a reminder, you should note the Volume and Issue Number of the articles you are interested in before entering the database, as there is no search facility for the Journals of the Week - only browse facilities issue by issue are provided for the free download. Negotiating in China: some issues for Western women Hong Seng Woo Women in Management Review; 14: 4 1999; pp. 115-120 , This article addresses some issues for Western women in negotiating with individuals and organisations in China. To be successful in a Chinese negotiation requires an awareness and understanding of cultural differences, and negotiation characteristics and behaviour to avoid any misunderstanding or tension. Research results show that there are no major hurdles for Western women negotiators in China. There are, in fact, advantages if they follow a few guidelines. These include having a professional and businesslike approach and understanding the cultural characteristics of a Chinese negotiation. The advantages include being easily noticed, remembered and receiving concessions more readily than Western men. As a result, the negotiation receives more attention and consideration, thus facilitating the achievement of the negotiation goals.
Keywords: Management styles, National cultures, Negotiating, Women
Women in management: a Malaysian perspective Surveys of women in management postitions in the USA and elsewhere have indicated a notion of masculine managerial model of "organizational man". Malaysia presents an interesting case study on attitudes towards women managers because it is a society undergoing rapid changes from its strong traditional religious and cultural norms to modern values about women. This study focuses on the perceptions of Malaysian men and women executives about the female managers in corporate Malaysia. Specifically, the study examines the organizational environment for women managers in Malaysia, how men and women at different ranks feel about women's advancement in the organization, the differences in the leadership styles of men and women managers and their effectiveness in achieving organizational goals.
Keywords: Malaysia, Managers, Women
Women's employment status in two Japanese retail stores in Hong Kong Examines the employment status of women employees working for two Japanese department stores in Hong Kong. Empirical evidence reveals that Japanese expatriate managers bring sexist cultural values, which discriminate against women in the host-country environment, because a majority of local female employees are employed in lower hierarchical positions at the bottom of the organizational and managerial pyramid, while male employees occupy most of the professional and managerial positions at the top. Discusses the situation in which female employees are likely to be discriminated against by senior management from the perspectives of horizontal and vertical job segregation. Identifies four major categories of constraints arising from the company's human resource management (HRM) policies and practices leading to the subordinated employment position of women - recruitment and selection, job assignment and promotion, training and development and remuneration. Posits that these HRM policies and practices are influenced by the Japanese preconception of women and the characteristics of the retail industry.
Keywords: Department stores, Employment law, Hong Kong, Japan, Women
Gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies among IT personnel Examines gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies among information technology (IT) personnel in Singapore. Data were collected via a combination of mail surveys and semi-structured interviews. Analyses results of the survey using analysis of covariance procedures. Female IT personnel reported significantly higher scores on sources of stress originating from "factors intrinsic to the job", "managerial role", "career and achievement", "organizational structure and climate", and "relationships with others". Contrary to initial prediction, no significant gender difference was found for stress originating from "home-work interface". With respect to coping strategies, female IT personnel tend to seek social support and talk to others when they experience stress, while men tend to suppress their emotions and deal with problems in a logical and unemotional manner. Discusses implications of findings.
Keywords: Coping, Gender, Information technology, Organizational behaviour, Stress
Gender issues in management education: a new teaching resource Discusses the gendered culture of management education and its role in perpetuating a gendered culture of management, which in turn inhibits the equitable progression of women through the ranks of management. Reports findings from a recent Australian survey which revealed a masculine bias in management education, which disadvantages both female and male learners. Perceived gender paradigms of male educators may result in women learners being more disadvantaged than men, and issues of concern to male students can cause much greater concern to their female counterparts. The research led to the production of an award-winning video, Gender Issues in Management: Capitalising on Awareness of Diversity. This constitutes an additional teaching resource for management educators, trainers, consultants and others working on diversity issues.
Keywords: Diversity, Education, Gender, Management, Video
Should we teach women to interrupt? Cultural variables in management communication courses The "universal" principles of effective communication taught in most management communication courses - directness, simplicity, forcefulness - are, from an inter-cultural perspective, American and male. Should women students of business be taught to imitate the speech behaviour stereotypically associated with American businessmen? Or is the behaviour stereotypically associated with women equally, or even more, effective in business situations? Because there is little research to support the masculine model of business speech, because coercing women to change their speech produces pedagogically unwarranted stress, and because the feminine stereotype is actually better suited to global business communication, this paper argues that business and management communication should be taught from a gender-independent postmodern approach.
Keywords: Communications, Education, Postmodernism, Presentations, Women
Career attainment for women and minorities: the interactive effects of age, gender and race This study examined the career attainment of managerial women and minorities in an internal labor market. The interactive effects of age, gender, and race were examined on the career attainment levels of women, African-Americans, Asian-Americans and Hispanics. A sample of 7,084 US managers was studied; 3,456 women and minority managers were compared to 3,628 white male managers who entered the firm in the same year and in the same department. Consistent with previous research, women and minorities experienced lower career attainment than white males in this sample. Results suggest that minority women do not experience the "double jeopardy" associated with belonging to two classes of protected characteristics; nor the "triple jeopardy" of age, race and gender.
Keywords: Age discrimination, Careers, Ethnic groups, Race, USA, Women
Leadership and power relationships based on culture and gender Leadership and power are often used to influence people's behavior. However, little is known about the degree and directional relationship between these two constructs and gender. Equally unknown is the degree of impact that culture and gender together may have on such a relationship. This paper attempts to establish an empirical relationship between these two constructs and culture along with gender. Baba and Ace's modified instruments on leadership and Hinkin and Schriesheim's instrument on five sources of power were used in surveying 486 students from four business schools in Korea and the USA to derive functional relationships between leadership and power. Results suggest there is a statistically significant relationship between power and leadership and that gender has an impact on that relationship. However, this study does not support the contention that gender plays an important role in cross-cultural environments; instead, it plays an important role only when considered within a specific culture.
Keywords: Gender, Leadership, National cultures, Power
The motivation of women entrepreneurs in Singapore Reports an empirical study, conducted within the context of Singapore, which examines the motives that stimulate women into becoming business owners. Aims to uncover the characteristics of a typical woman entrepreneur in Singapore; the motivational needs of women entrepreneurs; and the factors influencing the motivational needs of women entrepreneurs. Uses the Need Theory as a theoretical framework to study the motivation of women entrepreneurs. Hypothesizes that business ownership is a manifestation of four needs - achievement; affiliation; autonomy; and dominance. Concludes that women entrepreneurs are motivated by a high need for achievement, a slightly high need for dominance and moderate needs for affiliation and autonomy. Finds women entrepreneurs demonstrate a higher need for achievement and dominance than women employees but significant difference in the needs for affiliation and autonomy.
Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Motivation, Singapore, Women
Do women and men communicate differently at work? An empirical study in Hong Kong Some studies, mainly in the West, have suggested that women are more encouraging in their communication styles than men, especially when the conversation is about a personal matter versus when it is business-related. It has also been contended that same-sex communication between women is more supportive than both mixed-sex communication and same-sex communication between men. However, this research, conducted in Hong Kong among full- and part-time tertiary students, shows that the above contentions are perhaps culture dependent, and that careful re-examination of gender-based differences is warranted, particularly when one is considering communication styles at work.
Keywords: Communications, Gender, Hong Kong, Organizational behaviour, Work As always we have only skimmed the surface of relevant articles this week and only those that are particularly relevant for Asia-Pacific managers. Many other articles are available as well including those focusing on other countries and international perspectives. |
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